考研英語：從出題形式看圖表作文寫作布局

一、出題形式

例1題目：Changes in People’s Diet

Study the followingtable carefully and your composition must be based on the information given inthe table. Write three paragraphs to:

1.state the changesin people’s diet（飲食）in the past five years;

2.give possiblereasons for the changes;

3.draw your ownconclusions。

You should quote asfew figures as possible。

例2題目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City

Remember that yourcomposition must be written according to the following outline;

1.Rise and fall ofthe rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;

2.Possiblereason（s）for the decline of car accidents in the city;

3.Your predictions ofwhat will happen this year。

Your compositionshould be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures aspossible。

例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic HealthGain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 wordsand you should base your composition on the following instructions（given inChinese）：

1. 以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國家的期望壽命（life expectancy）和嬰兒死亡率（infant mortality）的變化情況

2. 說明引起變化的各種原因

從以上例子可見，圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時(shí)還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：

1）用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢(shì)；

2）就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢(shì)或問題分析其原因或后果。

二、寫作要領(lǐng)

圖表作文著重說明事實(shí)，常常是通過對(duì)圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說明、分析、比較，對(duì)某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)或變化情況等加以說明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。老師認(rèn)為，寫好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語言把這一信息表達(dá)出來，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。

三、寫作步驟

寫圖表作文時(shí)，要注意遵循以下步驟：

1） 認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系；

2） 確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù)；

3） 編列文章的提綱；

4） 根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個(gè)段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過渡；

5） 檢查與修改。

四、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

寫圖表作文時(shí)，常采用三段式的謀篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問題或趨勢(shì)，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢(shì)的原因。第三段則展望未來的情況或提出解決問題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡(jiǎn)單地表述為：

第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想

第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因

第三段：展望未來或提出方法或建議

五、作文模版（一）

問題解決型

As is shown in the picture（graph\cartoonable），it goes withoutsaying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem（in China）：______.Itsstatus as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profoundinfluence on individuals, collective and even the whole world. Each of usshould attach high emphasis on solving it。

As a matter offact, the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep and profound. Naturallyand necessarily, there are two major ways coping with this problem. The firstway to tackle it is to appeal to authorities to take measures. Once achievingthe success of solving the problem, the whole society also thrives/makesprogress. Solving the problem can accelerate better individuals’development.The other way that is worth adopting is to work out new laws. Where there arebetter laws, there are more hopes, vitality and development. These advisablelaws eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony. Finally, I cansafely come to the conclusion that it is high time we enhanced the awareness ofpeople that is every vital to us. Only by these means can we succeed insolving the problem in the near future。（1 Therefore, measures should betaken to terminate the ridiculous affair. First and foremost, governmentsshould establish some regulations to prohibit enterprises and people frommaking such misdeeds. What’s more, people should get ready to passcriticism upon such misdeeds anytime and anywhere. After all, it isnecessary to develop our society by performing hard work instead of talking nonsense。

In my opinion, it is imperative that weshould take some drastic actions. On the one hand, we should appeal to ourauthorities to enact concrete laws to control commercial fishing. On the other hand, we should enhancepeople's awareness that ocean resources are vital to us and theecological balance will be guaranteed with the strategy of sustainabledevelopment. Only by doing so can weeffectively protect our natural resources. Also I am convinced that we humans can overcome this difficultyand we will have a bright future。）

To conclude, we should not yield to mediocrity regardless of seeminglyinsurmountable obstacles. So the prospect we are looking forward to will bebright and encouraging。

作文模版（二）

正面現(xiàn)象歌頌型1

As is shown in the picture（graph\cartoonable）， it goes without sayingthat the drawing aims at revealing a common problem（in China）：______. It hasattracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly moreargumentations about it can be found in TV programs,newspapers,universityclasses and many aspects of our everyday life.Its status as the focus of publicconcern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collectiveand even the whole world。

First of all, ______________iscrucial for every individual.With its seemingly magic power, it can not onlyaccelerate better individuals’development, but serve as an efficient instrumentfor individuals to change the world. Those equipped with it are always admiredand respected, because it may endow them with more competence, chances, self-confidenceto overcome difficulties and handle problems.Those people appear to possess aspecial charm,bringing to others hope, passion and surprise,and,thus winningothers’favor and trust.It can directly promote the rapid progress of theorganization with its energy and indirectly spurs continuous development withthe good culture it generates.Through continuously promoting the socialproductivity, unceasingly improving the productive relationship, and graduallyenriching human material and spiritual wealth, ______________eventually bringseconomic prosperity and social harmony。

In short, where there is better______________, there are more hopes, vitalityand development. When we are benefiting from it, we shall also do our utmost tomaintain its vitality to ensure ourselves a brighter future。

正面現(xiàn)象歌頌型2

As is vividly in the picture（s），it is a contemporary social issue inChina of common interests and permanent value. The picture（s）does reflect athought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon nowadays.Whenweighing in the mind,we find an apparent tendency underlying this sight:_______________。

Simple as it is,what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking.With thedevelopment of economy and society, competition is becoming increasinglyfierce.It is impossible for anyone to finish a task without .Hence, people in mounting numbersput great emphasis on .Infact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of s the most essential qualificationthat anyone who wants to achieve success should possess. Numerous examples canbe given, but this will suffice. A case in point is the successful host ofBeijing 2008 Olympic Games and the deadly earthquake in Si Chuan province.Thesecases effectively clarify that really counts in this competition society。

Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance thesense of in our society. Weshould bear in mind that isof great significance to both our society and ourselves. Everyone should havethe ability of______. Only in this way can we achieve success and onlyin this way can our society become more harmonious to live in。

反面現(xiàn)象批評(píng)型

How enlightening and compelling the above drawing is!It is sofunny that whoever sees it cannot help thinking:_____。（這句自己加完整，從宏觀上描述一下圖畫就可以，籠統(tǒng)的，大體的）______while_______。（這句從微觀上具體說明一下圖畫要描述的矛盾點(diǎn)，必須找到矛盾點(diǎn)，用到while這個(gè)單詞）Simple as itlooks,its intended meaning goes far deeper what on earth does the drawer reallyaim to convey。

第二段：

What the image above vividly mirrors goes far more than a simpleimage,instead,it carries a thought provoking social phenomenon:____。（本文的主旨）There areupsetting（如文章不是諷刺性的，就把upsetting刪除）parallels today in ourcontemporary community. For example,______。（舉2個(gè)例子，如果字?jǐn)?shù)夠就舉1個(gè)）

第三段：

Much can be done. To begin with the schools and the mass media should develop,guideand cultivate noble and worthy values and qualities among people,doing theirutmost to awaken people of the growing threat of this worsening situation。（of this worseningsituation自己可以換成主旨的詞，如果不換，這樣也可以。如文章不是諷刺性的，就把worsening刪除）What is more,the authoritiesconcerned should play a dominant role in taking nationwide actions to curb（如文章不是諷刺性的，就把curb換成promote）suchpractices.In conclusion,all the society should make actively more sustained andconcerted efforts.Although we still have a long way to go,a promising start hasbegun,and a happy,healthy and harmonious society may be not be far behind。