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英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)家給大家解讀虛擬語(yǔ)氣

2013-12-18

1.主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要取決于某些形容詞和過(guò)去分詞,用來(lái)表示建議、命令、要求、其形式為:(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。

常這樣用的形容詞有:

appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)腶dvisable適當(dāng)?shù)模侠淼腷etter較好的desirable理想的essential精華的 imperative迫切的important重要的insistent堅(jiān)持的natural自然的necessary必要的preferable優(yōu)越的,較好的strange奇怪的urgent緊迫的vital極其重要的

過(guò)去分詞有:

desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。

例如:

It is essential that you (should) win the voters’hearts.贏得選民的心是絕對(duì)必要的。

It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提議他應(yīng)該參加俱樂(lè)部的活動(dòng)。

2.表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其形式為:(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。

常這樣用的名詞有:

resolution決心,決議pray懇求decision決議motion提議suggestion建議preference選擇proposal 提議advice勸告recommendation推薦desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法例如:

He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令熱情款待這些客人。

His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.他提議我們應(yīng)該擯棄這些不良習(xí)性。

3.賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1)某些動(dòng)詞后所接賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用來(lái)表示建議、命令和要求等。其形式為:(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有:

ask要求advise勸告determine決定decide決定command命令insist堅(jiān)持intend打算move提議prefer寧愿 propose提議order命令recommend推薦request要求require要求suggest建議urge主張demand要求 desire渴望direct命令例如:

He insisted that the meeting be put off.他要求推遲那個(gè)會(huì)議。

They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.他們建議所有的計(jì)劃都應(yīng)該在會(huì)上討論。

2)在以it為形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其形式為:(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。這一句型中使用的形容詞(賓補(bǔ))與主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣所使用的形容詞相同。例如:

We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.我們認(rèn)為他在行動(dòng)之前好好考慮一下才是明智的。

3)wish后面所跟的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示某種不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。

其主要形式有三種:

表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:wish +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或were表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬:wish +主語(yǔ)+ had +過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬:wish +主語(yǔ)+ would +動(dòng)詞原形。

4. if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式

1)if非真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的,句中的主句與氣。

在if非真實(shí)虛擬條件句中,主句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要有下面幾種形式:

假設(shè)類(lèi)型條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)Should(would,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反Had +過(guò)去分詞Should(would,could, might)+ have +過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)(should+動(dòng)詞原形,were to +動(dòng)詞原形)Should(would,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形

If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.假如沒(méi)有引力,我們就不可能行走。

I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told.假如別人不告訴我,我就不知道這些東西是干什么的了。

2)正式文體中,有時(shí)可把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去,而將were,had, should等助動(dòng)詞(不包括行為動(dòng)詞)提到主語(yǔ)前面。如果句中沒(méi)有were,had或should時(shí),既不能省略if,也不能倒裝。例如:

Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.要是我明天見(jiàn)到他,我就會(huì)問(wèn)他這件事的。

Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house.如果我去年有了這筆錢(qián),我就買(mǎi)那所房子了。

Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.假如鍋爐出問(wèn)題的話(huà),自控裝置會(huì)自動(dòng)切斷燃油的供給。

3)通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間是一致的,但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。例如:

If I were you, I would have taken his advice.我要是你,我就采納了他的建議。(從句指現(xiàn)在,主句指過(guò)去)

If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.如果氣候更適宜一些,莊稼會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。(從句指過(guò)去,主句指現(xiàn)在)

5.含蓄虛擬條件句

1)有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句形式表示出來(lái),而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或其他方式表示。常用的詞或短語(yǔ)有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。例如:

Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.要是沒(méi)有你的幫助,我們就不會(huì)成功的。

But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.要是沒(méi)有電,就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。

He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.他當(dāng)時(shí)正與他的學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論,否則的話(huà)他就來(lái)幫我們了。

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.他昨天很累,不然他就參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)了。

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