雅思閱讀長難句如何化繁為簡

雅思考試的閱讀部分，對于很多人來說，在很短的時(shí)間里完成800-1200詞匯的閱讀和解答是有一定難度的。若想快速的、高效率的完成題目解答也是有一定技巧的。下面為大家做詳細(xì)介紹，希望對大家備考雅思閱讀有幫助。

英語的基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)很簡單：主謂賓和主系表。主謂賓是“誰-做-什么”，例如：比如“羊吃草”;“潔白可愛的小綿羊蹦蹦跳跳歡快活潑地在一望無垠的廣闊草原上幸福愉快地吃著鮮嫩碧綠的青草”一樣也是主謂賓，只不過多了一些修飾的詞，句子的核心意思還是“羊吃草”。主系表是“誰-是-什么”，同主謂賓一樣。在閱讀中我們要很快的找出核心句子，不用每句話的意思都懂，但要知道這句話要表達(dá)的核心意思，即找到主謂賓或主系表的主體。

針對這兩種句式結(jié)構(gòu)抓主干，即把復(fù)雜的長難句轉(zhuǎn)化成簡單的句子。

主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：尋找謂語動(dòng)詞

主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：尋找系動(dòng)詞

也就是說，無論哪種句式，我們都要在心里默念尋找動(dòng)詞這個(gè)原則，以模糊匹配的方式來對應(yīng)有意義的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)而確認(rèn)動(dòng)詞之前的主語和動(dòng)詞之后的賓語或表語。

一個(gè)句子之所以能夠拉長，除了在一個(gè)簡單句中加上許多修飾成分之外，還有可能是長出了枝干—也就是加了從句，或者是由連詞和平衡結(jié)構(gòu)把若干簡單句合并在了一起。雅思長難句頻繁出現(xiàn)的情況包括如下幾種：

定語從句：that,which(介詞+which),who,…

狀語從句：v+ing

尋找平衡結(jié)構(gòu)：三大連詞 and/or/but，

not only…but also…

not…but…

nomore/longer/less …than

as…as

not so …as… . . .

還有一種特殊主系表值得單獨(dú)說一說：

There be句型：尋找中心詞

這個(gè)句型之所以特殊，是因?yàn)橄祫?dòng)詞和表語都已經(jīng)以倒裝的形式給出來了，欠缺的只是一個(gè)主語中心詞而已，因此我們看到了there be開頭的句子，一定先集中精力尋找到那個(gè)中心點(diǎn)。此外，這個(gè)句子是一些同學(xué)在雅思作文考場上易犯錯(cuò)誤的地方。在時(shí)間緊迫的壓力下，可能會有同學(xué)不自覺地受到了中文思維的影響，寫出諸如“There are many people do something.”此類的句子，如果在模擬考試的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)自己曾經(jīng)犯過這類筆誤，建議大家在考場上給自己留出1、2分鐘的檢查時(shí)間來。檢查方法也很簡單，把there be兩個(gè)詞遮住，如果剩下的部分還能讀出一個(gè)完整的句子來，則原本的句子必定是有問題的，可以迅速把there be這兩個(gè)詞擦掉。

除了be動(dòng)詞外，還有一些there be形式的變體：

Therecome/comes/came

Thereappear/appears/appeared

Thereemerge/emerges/emerged

Theremay/might be

Therecan/could be

There happento be

There usedto be

There is/aregoing to be

其中后兩個(gè)句子中說到的情況一定是不存于當(dāng)下的，在判斷題(TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)中容易被揪出來做文章，出題思路是細(xì)節(jié)不一致的類型，答案多為FALSE。

結(jié)合講解的部分，有時(shí)間的同學(xué)可以練習(xí)一下快速理解以下這些來自劍橋考題當(dāng)中的長難句，試著找出句子的主干：

1. There areexamples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revivedby later generations. (4A0201)

2. InNew Zealand,classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest inthe language. (4A0201)

3. TheformerUSpolicy of running Indian reservations schools in English, for example,effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. (4A0201)

4. It is notnecessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. (4A0201)

5. However,it wasn’t until thediscovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and sorepresents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought,that rocket technology was able to develop. (3A0101)

6. What makes a language endangered is notjust the number of speakers, but how old they are. (4A0201)

7. In theNative American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the Americansouth-west, the native language is dying.(4A0201)

8. Theproblem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, sothat they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is nota new one. (4A0403)

9. Everyhealth system in an economically developed society is faced with the need todecide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spenton health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and diabilitiesand which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of thecommunity are to be given special consideration in respect of their healthneeds; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective. (4A0403)

10. Peopleare not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determiningif they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not livewithin a context of law and order. (4A0403)

11. Thespread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have beenaccompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which mighthave provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. (3A0202)

12. Animalsat play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs, for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviouris not really in earnest. (4A0203)

13. A fewyears ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments inbehavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjectsfrom all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “l(fā)eader” in a situation in which thesubjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called uponto perform. (5A0102)

14. How canwe possily account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational,knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured,flustered, but cooperative “teachers” actually do in the laboratory of real life? (5A0102)

15. A modernhard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressiveinstinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to ourancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and inthe caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant ofour ancient animal ways. (5A0102)

16. Breedingseasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year inwhich offspring have the greatest chances of survival. (5A0403)

17. This isthe process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soilor water into organic material for growth.(5A0403)

18.Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, withrenewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors’ marketplace, and museums,societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style andoriginality of this innovative material. (5A0201)

19. The factthat children’s ideas aboutscience form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier tochange them. (4A0101)

20. Thesemisconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into amultifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the componentideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible tomodification. (4A0101)

21. Neverbefore has the planet's linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. (4A0201)

22. Not onlydid it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly,it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe. (3A0101)

23. Lifeitself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew maniocand other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, whileother members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promisingfish holes. (3A0302)

24. There isclear-cut evidence that, for a period of at least one year, supervision whichincreases the direct pressure for productivity can achieve significantincreases in production. However, such short-term increases are obtained onlyat a substantial and serious cost to the organisation. (3A0403)

25. Ofgrowing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as diaposableis, elsewhere, recycled and reused. (3A0301)

26. Thesemisconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into amultifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the componentideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible tomodification. (4A0101)

27. Theexplosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbournesuggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.

28. Take theexercise theory. (4A0203)